过程 process; procedure; transversion; plication; course 缩短制作过程 shorten the process of manufacture; 在讨论过程中 in [during] the course of the discussion; 加快过程 accelerate the process; 解释 ... 的过程 explain the process; 学习过程 the learning process; 生产过程 procedure of production; 谈判过程 process of bargaining; 它经过了一个有趣的进化过程。 it has passed through an interesting procedure of evolution. 我迟早要把这一复杂的过程全部告诉你。 i will tell you, sooner or later, all the complicated process
The surface of natural fracture ( crack ) is parallel to the orientation of maximum principal stress . the principle orientation of anisotropic permeability reservoirs agrees with the orientation of the maximum principle stress . many engineering problems ( e . g . bore - hole stability , casing deformation failure during drilling , reasonable arrangement of wells , the optimum design of hydraulic fracture and so on ) are influenced by the in - situ stress orientation 天然裂缝面和裂隙面与最大主应力方向平行;在各向异性低渗透率油田中主渗透率方向与最大水平主应力方向趋向一致:在钻井过程中井壁稳定性,套管变形和损坏,油田开发井网合理布置、水力压裂优化设计等都与地应力方向有关。
To achieve the objective of protecting reservoir during drilling , the common means is to add proper graded temporary plugging materials , coupled with colloid filling particles in upper drilling fluid based on the average radius of pore throat in reservoir , which converts upper drilling fluid to reservoir protection fluid 摘要在钻井过程中,为达到保护油层的目的,通常根据油层的平均孔喉半径,在上部钻井液中加人合适粒径的暂堵剂,再配合胶体填充粒子将其改造为对油层具有保护作用的钻井液。
At present , the competition of oil industry is very fury , so reducing the cost of exploitation of oil is imperative under the situation . but the oil drillers of our country are relatively old , and the control mode drops behind , which result in the long period of making hole and high ratio of aiguille attaint , which is the main restrict factor of reducing the cost of oil exploitation 随着石油行业竞争的日趋激烈,降低石油的开采成本就势在必行,于是研制新型的石油钻机就显得尤为重要,因为国内目前使用的钻机比较陈旧,控制方式非常落后,导致钻井周期长、钻头损坏率高,这是降低石油开采成本的重要制约因素;而且落后的控制方式使得钻井过程容易发生溜钻、卡钻等事故。
Because of the merit of continuity , economical efficiency , reliability and high resolution , the well logging has shown its advantages , especially in some drilling engineering problem , such as the prediction of rock drillability , selecting the drill bit types , prediction of formation pressure , calculation the in - situ stress , evaluating the borehole walls stability and determining the reasonable mud density , and etc . aiming at the engineering accidents , for example the well spout , well leak , well collapse and the drill blocking during the drill engineering in the t formation in north - east of sichuan , some farther studies of formation pressure in feixianguan from well - logging information are presented in this dissertation 尤其是在岩石可钻性预测与钻头选型、地层压力预报、地应力计算以及井壁稳定性评价、泥浆密度安全窗确定等钻井工程问题上。测井技术由于连续性、经济性、可靠性及分辨率高等特点,越来越多地显示了其优越性。本文针对川东北部三叠系地层在钻井过程中遇到的井喷、井漏、井塌和卡钻等工程事故,主要对飞仙关组地层压力的测井解释方法作了大量的深入研究工作。