Frost accumulation has a severe negative effect on refrigeration , cryogenic and many other engineering systems due to the increased flow and heat transfer resistance and the reduced energy transfer rate 由于霜层会增加传热热阻、降低能量的传递速率,因此结霜现象对于制冷、低温和航天技术的影响十分严重。
The two main objectives of theses products are firstly to prevent circuits flattening ( thus reduction of thermal transfer ( 7 , 8 ) or resistance to liquid flow ( 9 , 10 ) ) and secondly to prevent microbial corrosion 如果要在系统中使用这种化学品,首先要能防止循环系统的破坏,从而导致热传递速率降低( 7 , 8 )或者流速变慢( 9 , 10 ) ,其次要能够防止生物腐蚀。
After the stolon had suffered from severing disturbance , clonal ramets could keep photosynthetic organ from being damaged through the plastic responses of the chlorophyll fluorescence traits , such as increasing nonphotochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence ( npq ) , decreasing actual photochemical efficiency of ps ii in the light ( f / fm " ) and photochemical electron transport rate ( etr ) . moreover , the clonal ramets could also increase water use efficiency by means of decreasing stomatal conductance 在匍匐茎受到切断干扰后,臭柏能通过提高非光化学猝灭( npq ) 、降低ps实际光化学量子产量( f fm ’ )和表观光合电子传递速率( etr )等叶绿素荧光特性的可塑性反应来保护小枝光合机构不被破坏,并且可以降低气孔导度以提高水分利用效率。
The flow characteristics , distributions of current density and chemical components , and the performance of these two different designs are calculated and compared . the flow and mass transport characteristics are analyzed in detail , which indicate that strong forced convection is produced in the interdigitated flow field , which consist of dead - end gas channel that force the gases through the porous electrodes . results of comparison show that forced convection induced by the interdigitated flow field in the diffusion layer effectively enhances mass transport of reactants and products , thus leading to a higher cell performance and the limiting current density 在传统流道设计的pemfc中,反应物从流道到催化层的供应和生成物从催化层到流道的排出主要是以扩散为主,而在交叉梳状流道设计中,以流动带动的对流传递则占据了主导地位,而且这种以对流为主的传递机理大大提高了反应物和产物传递速率,从而有效地改善了电池的极限电流密度和极化性能等特性。
The electron transport rates of chloroplasts were depressed after chinese cabbage and mustard had been infected with tumv , whose extents reached 6 . 4 % and 64 . 6 % respectively . the decline of photosystem ii ( psii ) activities mainly contributed to the drop of electron transport rate , whose degrees reached 56 . 9 % and 34 . 3 % , with the statistical result p < 0 . 01 青菜和芥菜叶绿体电子传递全链的电子传递速率各降低6 . 4和64 . 6 ;光系统( ps )的电子传递活性各下降56 . 9和34 . 3 ,与健康对照的差异水平均达到极显著;光系统( ps )的电子传递受抑程度较轻,分别为25 . 8和24 . 7 。
传递: transmit; deliver; pass on; ...速率: speed; rate; tempo辐射传递速率: radiation transfer rate摩尔传递速率: molar transfer rate平均传递速率: average transfer rate气体传递速率: gas transmission rate情报传递速率: message transmission rate数据传递速率: message data rate信息传递速率: i transfer rate; message data rate水蒸汽传递速率: water vapor transmission rate气体传递速率;气体扩散速率: gas transmission rate传递速度: delivery rate; speed of transmission; speed service; tra ort velocity; transmission speed; transport velocity热传递速度: rate of heat transfer热传递速度率: rate of heat transfer质量传递速度: mass transport velocity水蒸汽传递速度: wvtr = water vapor transmission rate水蒸汽传递速度的缩略语: wvtr water vapor transmission rate传递: transmit; deliver; pass on; hand down [round; around]; transfer; hand over sth. one after another; transmission; transference; delivery; transmital 传递经济信息 transmit economic information; 传递眼色 give a wink by way of hint; 传递信件 deliver mail; 传递消息 convey news; 这封信在传递中被耽误了。 the letter was delayed in transmission. 把消息分程传递到某地 relay a message to a place速率: speed; rate; tempo 冷却速率 rate of cooling; 送纸速率 line feed; 速率测试 rate test; 速率计 [工业] speedometer; 速率控制 rate control; 速率控制器 rate controller; 速率调节器 speed regulator; 速率陀螺 rate gyroscope; rate gyro; 速率陀螺仪 rate gyroscope; 速率指示器 rate indicator; 速率作用 rate action sql传递: sql pass-through传递(回叫): deliver传递,通过: pass传递,转移: transfer传递棒: baton pass; baton transter; batontransfer传递比: tra fer ratio; transfer ratio; transmissibility