China has heavy losses but a lot of foreign products dump their product into china market , causing china related products material injury or threatening such injury . china national peoples congress promulgated < foreign trade law > , item thirty is " anti - dumping " specialized term . it regulated " the product imports by lower than normal value , from here the related established domestic industry causing material injury or threatening such injury , or causing the related established domestic industry material bar , the nation can adopt the necessary measure clear or alleviate this kind of threatening damage or bar " 中国开始正视反倾销是在20世纪70年代以后,由于中国产品屡屡被进口国采取反倾销措施,损失惨重,而大量外国产品却以倾销形式进入中国市场,给中国相关产业造成损害或阻碍,在这种情况下,中国全国人大常委会颁布了《对外贸易法》 ,其中第30条是“反倾销”专项条款,该条规定: “产品以低于正常价值的方式进口,并由此对国内已建立的相关产业,造成实质性损害或实质性损害危胁,或者对国内建立相关产业造成实质性阻碍时,国家可以采取必要措施,清除或减轻这种损害的危胁或阻碍。 ”
It is the researchful purpose of this paper that the methods of appraising the existing structural reliability basing on own information are found , which will impel the methods of appraising the existing structural develop from applied methods to probability methods . the contents of this paper have mainly four , including : firstly , the normal value of permanent load in the existing structure is ascertained by the way that is called bayes - small capacity , which considers the dates of design and the road - test dates . secondly , by introducing the random variable that is statistical ambiguity , the statistics of loading and resistance of existing structure are researched 本文研究目的是针对现有结构的特点,建立基于自身信息的现有结构可靠性的实用评定方法,推动我国的现有结构可靠性鉴定方法由实用鉴定法向概率鉴定法发展,主要研究内容包括四个方面:一、结合结构原设计数据和现场抽样实测数据,研究了恒载标准值的统计推断方法,提出bayes小样本统计推断方法;二、利用统计不定性随机变量,结合现有结构的特点,提出荷载、抗力变异性的小样本统计推断方法;三、分析了现有结构抗力变异性的主要影响因素,并利用实测数据进行了实例分析;四、针对现有结构自身的荷载、抗力统计特性,研究了现有结构承载力的校核表达式,对恒载、抗力分项系数提出修订建议,建立了基于自身信息的现有结构可靠性实用评定方法。
Article 30 should a well established or fledgling industry at home be in substantial harm or under threat of such harm due to the import of relative goods in under normal value , the state may take any countermeasures to expel or mitigate such harm or threat 第三十条产品以低于正常价值的方式进口,并由此对国内已建立的相关产业造成实质损害或者产生实质损害的威胁,或者对国内建立相关产业造成实质阻碍时,国家可以采取必要措施,消除或者减轻这种损害或者损害的威胁或者阻碍。
1 . the contracting parties recognize that dumping , by which products of one country are introduced into the commerce of another country at less than the normal value of the products , is to be condemned if it causes or threatens material injury to an established industry in the territory of a contracting party or materially retards the establishment of a domestic industry 1各缔约国认为,用倾销的手段将一国产品以低于正常价值的办法推入另一国商业内,如因此对某一缔约国领土内已建立的某项工业造成重大损害或产生重大损害之威胁,或者对某一国内工业的新建产生严重阻碍,这种倾销应该受到谴责。
The third section deeply studies the customer value in e - commerce . according to the normal value theory of marketing , the development of value theory is analyzed briefly . then , the paper gives the definition of the customer value , advances six specialties of it , departs customer value into six aspects , and analyzes the lifetime value of customer and its influence sector 文章从营销中一般价值理论入手,简要分析了价值理论的发展情况,对客户价值进行了界定,通过分析客户价值与企业电子商务战略目标的关系,提出了电子商务环境下客户价值的六种特性,并将客户价值细分为六个方面,对客户的终身价值及其影响因素进行了分析;第四章是对电子商务环境下客户价值的评价。
normal valueとは意味:正常値{せいじょうち}、平年値{へいねんち} normal value meaning:[Medicine] The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms,organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.