The fourth chapter firstly introduces cosco container vessels of less than 1000 teu slot capacity before discussing how to deploy the proper types of ships , taking the shanghai - nagoya trade service as an example . also the author analyzes the sensitivity of the ship types argumentations from such 4 aspects as freight rate , fuel price , port charges and loading rate 第四章,首先介绍了中远集运所属载箱量在1000teu以下的船舶,并以上海一名古屋航线为例对船型进行了论证,同时还从运价、燃油价格、港口费、载箱率4个方面对船型论证的敏感度进行了分析。
The inverted pwm changing electric current the technique is applied in the prototype model . the prototype model was tested and operated on spot , power factor could reach beyond 0 . 95 , the effect of following modulating voltage was better , the curve of factor of modulated voltage of exchanging systems changed following load rate was linear , the output of wave form was a flat and steady sinusoidal wave 样机采用了逆变式pwm变流技术,对其进行了现场测试与试运行,测试结果是电网侧的功率因数可达0 . 95以上,跟踪调压效果良好,变流系统输出调压系数( k )随负载率( p )的变化曲线基本满足直线关系,输出波形呈平滑稳定的正弦波。
According to different mechanisms , there exist several types of resonance , including the bridge resonance induced by the periodical actions of moving load series of the weights , centrifugal forces and lateral winds of vehicles , the bridge resonance induced by the loading rates of moving load series of vehicles , the bridge resonance induced by the periodical loading of train vehicles excited by rail irregularities , wheel flats and hunting movements , and the vehicle resonance induced by periodical actions of the regular arrangement of bridge spans and their deflections 根据发生机理的不同,车桥系统可能发生几种不同形式的共振,包括由车辆重量、离心力、横向平均风荷载等形成移动荷载列的周期性动力作用引起的桥梁共振,由移动荷载列加载速率引起的桥梁共振,由轨道不平顺、车轮扁疤、轮对蛇行等周期性加载引起的桥梁共振;由桥跨的规则性排列及其挠度的影响,对移动车辆形成周期性动力作用使车辆出现的共振。
Seller ' s market is transiting to buyer ' s market . by sep . 1998 , buyer ' s market has completely formed ; the average load rate of the power system is declining , and difference between apex and vale is becoming larger and larger ; power consumption increase rate in industry is dropping , and it is far lower than that of society power consumption 分析表明:从1997年开始,重庆电力资源短缺状况得到缓解,供需基本平衡,具备逐渐由卖方市场过渡到买方市场的征候,到98年的9月已完全形成买方市场;重庆电网年平均负荷率逐年下降,峰谷差逐年加大;工业用电量持续下降,且其增长速度远低于全社会用电量的增长速度,占全社会用电量的比例逐年下降。
Based on the further study of dynamic characteristic of the tractor - implement combination , according to the integrated control model , which including the flowing three parameters : the engine load rate , drive wheel slip and work resistance , and the three control strategies , which are : highest production efficiency control strategy , oil consume economic control strategy and give attention to the above control strategy , we can adopt different control strategies according to different purpose of the task . applying the theory of the hybrid dynamic system to this case , the three control strategies can be abstracted to three discrete matters , and then the exchange model of the discrete matters of the top layer ( which called manage layer ) of the tractor - implement combination and the function decision model , which based on the nerve network , can be established . through this way , the best ad aptive controlling of the tractor came true 本文研究了拖拉机机组的综合控制问题及其最佳匹配方法,在深入研究机组动态特性的基础上,根据发动机负荷率、驱动轮滑转率和作业阻力三参数的综合综合控制模型以及三种综合控制策略(最高生产效率的控制策略、燃油经济性的控制策略和兼顾最高生产效率及燃油经济性的控制策略) ,针对不同的作业目的,采用不同的控制策略,应用混杂动态系统理论,把三种控制策略抽象为三种离散事件,建立了拖拉机机组上层(管理层)离散事件切换模型,并建立了基于神经网络的功能决策层模型,从而实现了拖拉机机组的整机最优控制。