The foreword , first simply introduces the past research about the qing dynasty local judicature , then point out those past research ' s insufficiency , namely they has neglected the local magistrate ' s multiple responsibilities to the local magistrate behavior ’ s influence , thus also has neglected some system factors in the qing dynasty local judicature 基于上述考虑,本文尝试着探讨清代州县官的多重责任及其对地方司法的影响。首先,分析清代州县官在整个政府体系中的角色。其次,探讨州县官多重责任及相关的考核和惩戒制度。
Among them are historical factor ( which shows that fiscal difficulties exist every year in our country and are the result of reform in each historical stage ) ; fiscal system factor ( which means that the current fiscal system in our country is not so perfect ) ; pressure factor ( from how to tackle and remove the bad effect brought about by the fiscal policy and how to boost economic development ) ; the transferred problems from the state - owned commercial problems from the state - owned commercial banks ( which is an inseperable factor connected with fiscal risk ) ; and problems of local debt . chapter four main suggestion and countermeasures for guarding the fiscal risk in our country . they are as follows : 1 文章认为,财政不能走以往大包大揽的老路,风险的防范要充分发挥市场机制的积极作用,从而可以减少财政的部分压力,同时,我国的财政支出结构,要适应政府职能转变发展市场经济的要求,作出适当调整,进而在我国建立公共财政的基本框架;文章对债务风险的防范主要是从国债和地方债务两方面出发,提出了自己的一些建议;对于赤字风险的防范,文章指出,提高国家财力的集中程度,把控制赤字作为中长期财政发展规划,调整支出结构,是解决问题的重要途径;最后,文章还提出,基于我国政策环境的转变,以及宏观经济发展的需要,及时调整积极财政政策的作用方向和方式显得十分必要,有利于减少各种诱发风险产生的因素,更好地防范财政风险。
The author makes an analysis of the urbanization status in zhejiang province . especially of the system factors of stagnancy and lack of motive force in urbanization in chapter iv . finally , in chapter v , she makes some suggestions to the advancement of urbanization in zhejiang province , which include the innovation of the management system of census register , of land and of social guarantee , etc 第四章结合浙江省城市化现状,尤其针对其城市化滞后和动力不足的制度因素进行了分析,第五章从制度创新角度提出了推进浙江省城市化的若干设想:如户籍管理制度创新、土地管理制度创新、社会保障制度创新等等。
In the western theory and practice of studying industrial structure transition , there have all shifted such angles as the improvement with workforce ' s quality , capital accumulation , technological progress , workforce etc all the time . it was neoclassical research angle that was followed , excluded the system factor 在研究产业结构转变的理论和实践指导中,一直以来都是从资本积累、技术进步、劳动力转移和劳动力素质的提高等角度去研究,遵循的是新古典的研究角度,把制度因素排除在外。
Concretely speaking , the social factors mainly include economical treatment , social status , occupational prestige , professional organization , professional autonomy , etc . the educational factors mainly include pre - service education , appointment education , in - service training , practical training , etc . the system factors mainly include qualification system , appointment system , evaluation system , promotion system , etc . the individual factors mainly include the principal ' s self - development demand and consciousness , professional attitude and motive , career satisfaction and reflecting experience , etc . based on the investigation on the factors influencing principal professional development , this research concludes that : the society , education , system and individuality have a great influence upon principal professional development 具体来说,社会因素主要包括经济待遇、社会地位、职业声望、专业组织、专业自主权等;教育因素主要包括职前教育、入职教育、在职培训、实践训练等;制度因素主要包括资格证书制度、选拔任用制度、考核评价制度、职级晋升制度等;个人因素主要包括校长的自我发展需要和意识、专业态度和动机、职业满意度、反思经验等。本研究通过对中小学校长专业发展影响因素的实证调查,得出结论:社会、教育、制度、个人四大因素对校长的专业发展均有较大影响,其中个人因素对校长专业发展的影响程度最大,其他三个因素的影响作用不存在显著差异。