- 成本计算法, 计价方法
- 成本计算方法
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method of costing中文什么意思
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- The thesis expounds its theory , development and application . moreover , it adopts the method of cost / benefit analysis to research the applied case of dsm , and points out the feasibility and necessity of implementing the power dsm in handan region
论文对该方法及发展、应用情况进行较为详细的论述，并采用了成本效益分析方法对给出的dsm应用案例进行分析研究，指出在邯郸地区实施需求侧管理的现实可行性及必要性。 - First , the main contents of software project management are analyzed and then the project targets and functions of this system are put forward in this paper ; next , the process , strategy and methods of cost estimation are studied and based on cocomo model a better cocomo model has been presented considering code reuse . moreover the function of software cost estimation module has been implemented ; then some detailed solutions to the structure of this system are given , furthermore the characteristics of the component object model are analyzed in the paper ; finally , some other problems in the software development process has been analyzed and correlative solutions to these problems are represented in the paper
首先，本文分析了软件项目管理的主要内容，提出本套系统的设计目标和功能；其次，本文针对软件项目管理中的成本估算，研究了成本估算的过程、策略和估算方法，并在cocomo模型基础上，考虑代码重用和软件再工程等因素，提出了改进的cocom0模型算法；并实现了成本估算模块的功能；随后，本文对本套系统的体系结构提出了较详细的设计方案，分析了组件对象模型的特性；最后，本文分析了在软件实现过程中的一些其他技术问题，并在分析本系统缺陷的基础上提出了相应的解决方案。 - Besides policy factors , five methods of cost - cutting of biodiesel are reviewed , including new raw material with higher oil content , shorter regeneration cycle , which is suitable for infertile soil and different climatic conditions ; heterogeneous catalysts ; new technologies ( e . g . supercritical methanol and ultrasonics ) ; higher added value utilization of by - product glycerin with simple method ( propylene oxide chloride , 1 , 3 - propanediol , pyruvic alcohol etc . ) and moderate scale of production
摘要综述了除政策因素外，降低生物柴油生产成本的5种方法：选择含油率高、再生周期短、适应贫瘠土地及不同气候条件的新型植物原料；研究新型固体催化剂；引入新工艺（超临界法和超声波法） ；使用比较简便的方法将废弃的甘油转化为高附加值的产品（环氧氯丙烷、 1 , 3 -丙二醇、丙酮醇等）以及适度生产规模等。 - In combination with the rapid development of highway construction and the present severe situation of tilled land and land resource , effects on economy , society and resource produced by highway construction are approached from three different angels : the improvement to the economy and society development , the peculiarities and the severity of occupation of land resource and the bad effects on land use caused by soil and water loss , thus arousing the people to pay high attention to the occupation of land resource in highway construction . a method of cost - benefit analysis is approached to evaluate the economic rationality of occupation of land in highway construction and the social benefits produced by highway construction are analyzed qualitatively ; at last , these methods are tested and verified through a concrete engineering in yangling agricultural hi - tech demonstrational zone and effective technological and systematic measures are put forward in order to settle the problem onto a compatibly developmental path
本研究从公路建设迅速发展的实际和土地、耕地资源面临的严峻形势着手，在实地调研的基础上，结合相关的文献和资料，从公路建设对经济、社会发展的促进作用，公路建设占用土地资源的特点，公路建设造成的水土流失对土地资源利用的危害等三个方面系统地分析总结了公路建设活动对经济、社会与资源的影响，以引起社会各界对公路建设与土地资源占用问题的重视；用成本-效益分析法对公路建设占用土地资源的经济合理性进行评价，并对公路建设占地的社会效益进行分析，通过杨凌农业高新技术产业示范区三路一桥工程验证它们的实用性。 - The thesis consist of six chapters and based on the way of propose the question , analysis , then get the solution . it discussed and recognized what the ship transportation cost was in chapter one ; studied the environment and growing trend of the cost in chapter two ; fully discussed and demonstrated the voyage variable costs and controlling method , proposed a mathematic decision model of fuel supplying and get through the validation , proposed the concept of risking cost and addressing many controlling measures to it in chapter three ; discussed a certain running costs , proposed and validated a mathematic model of condition - based maintenance , and put forward many practical controlling method of running costs such as crew payment , repairs , spare parts , stores and lub oils in chapter four ; combining a case of monthly running cost budget and verification , performed a useful learning on running cost budget , forecast and verification in chapter five ; finally fully studied the method of cost - calculating and benefit - analyzing of time chartering container ships on a proposed route
第一章主要讨论并认清什么是船舶运输成本；第二章研究了船舶运输成本的生存环境和生长趋势；第三章详细论述并论证了航次变动成本的控制措施，提出了燃油补给方案的决策模型并给出了模型的验证过程，提出了航次风险成本的概念并论述了若干航次风险成本的控制措施；第四章对船舶营运成本中的船员费用、维修保养费用、备件、润物料费用等几个主要的可控性较高的成本进行了细致的分析并分别讨论了相应的控制措施，提出了基于状态维修决策的数学模型并论证了模型的正确性及具体解算步骤，对于备件、润物料的控制坚持以科学的预算为前提，以申领、接收、使用、盘存为控制环节，切实做到理论与实践的密切结合；第五章结合营运成本的预核算的案例，对船舶运输营运成本的预算及核算进行了有益的探讨；第六章结合具体案例对期租班轮的成本测算与效益分析方法进行了细致的研究。