The calculation formula of micropiv technique is the original definition of velocity : v = [ s ( t2 ) - s ( tl ) ] / ( t2 - tl ) . on the two neighboring frame of images , we search for the two small areas which have the largest correlation . by dividing their distance by their shooting interval , we got the average velocity of this small area in this interval , and then got the velocity of full flow Piv测试原理的计算公式,是速度的原始定义: v = [ s ( t _ 2 ) - s ( t _ 1 ) ] ( t _ 2 - t _ 1 ) 。在相邻两帧图像上,找出相关度最大的两个小区域,用它们之间的距离除以两次拍摄之间的时间间隔,就得到这个小区域在间隔时间内的平均速度,进而得到整个流场的速度分布。
Three characteristic features , such as average velocity of sound , deviation coefficient of sound velocity , and deviation coefficient of amplitude are extracted from four kinds of testing data which are sound velocity , amplitude , frequency and waveform in this paper . fuzzy analysis and artificial neural network are combined to form an intelligent system with similar functions to human brain to classify grc , aerated concrete , hollow brick , solid brick and concrete block . the accuracy of this system is up to 95 % in field tests 由超声脉冲法获得4种检测信息声速、波幅、频率和波形,从中提取3个特征量:平均声速、声速的离差系数和波幅的离差系数,利用模糊分析方法和人工神经网络相结合对grc 、加气混凝土、空心砖、实心砖、砌块5种墙体材料进行种类识别,形成一个智能化的、具有类似人脑功能的系统.经现场实测证明,判别的准确率达95 %以上。
( 2 ) validate whether the crest elevation can meet the require of energy dissipation and erosion prevention during the beginning period of flood discharge . ( 3 ) calculate the altitude of downriver cofferdam , and make it meet the require of energy dissipation and erosion prevention . ( 4 ) calculate some average velocity of flow through some sections , including contracted section in stilling basins behind upriver cofferdam , if the hydraulic jump happen in lower reaches of the river . the program will calculate the average velocity of flow of contracted section and the length of the apron 主要设计内容包括:计算上游围堰后消力池的尺寸;验证泄洪初期坝面高程是否能够满足消能防冲需要;计算下游围堰堰顶高程,使其满足泄洪期围堰和坝体过流的消能防冲和工程进度的需要;计算部分断面平均流速,包括:上游围堰后消力池中收缩断面的断面平均流速;坝首和坝末的断面平均流速;当下游河道发生水跃时,计算下游河道的收缩断面平均流速及需要铺设护坦的长度。
And then the author established and verified an empirical equation for the ratio of the heights of collapsed part and running part for the avalanche soils , suggested the critical flow conditions of loose avalanche soils and block avalanche soils , discussed the causes of accelerated motion of consistent debris flows on mild slope , and studied the average velocity of intermittent debris flows 给出了判别崩塌土相对运动距离,即流高比公式,并用现场实测资料进行了验证。提出了松散崩塌土和块状崩塌土流动化的判别条件。探讨了稠性泥石流在缓坡上加速运动的成因,并讨论了阵性泥石流平均流速公式。
Applying strain - energy distributing theory during col1iding and energy ruler during colliding , the paper put forwards the critical velocity equation which rock - mass destroy when colliding occuf , and other severa1 equations to make certain average velocity and motion direction after collide . at the same time , the equation to make certain the value of energy to make rock - mass destroy has been deducted , and on the base of this , the paper brings forward the equation to calculate average diameter after rock - mass falls into pieces by the way of word - cost theory . accordingly , the paper perfectly studies the effect of falling into pieces in the course of landslide colliding ( 3 )首次应用碰撞过程应变能“分配”原理及岩体破坏的能量条件,导出了滑坡岩体在碰撞时发生破坏的临界速度公式及碰撞后滑坡岩体的平均速度和运动方向的确定公式,导出了碰撞过程用于岩体破碎的能量计算公式,并在此基础上,利用功耗原理,提出了滑坡岩体破碎后平均块度的计算关系式,从而较完整地分析了滑坡岩体碰撞的解体破碎效应。