The three pillars of basel ii are intended to be mutually reinforcing : the minimum capital requirements in pillar 1 and the supervisory review process in pillar 2 are complemented by pillar 3 , which relates to enhanced market discipline through disclosures by banks 资本协定二的三项支柱具相辅相成的作用,其中第一及第二支柱分别所载的最低资本要求与监管检讨程序,与第三支柱所载的透过银行资料披露加强市场自律的规定互相配合。
This system provided for the implementation of the framework with a minimum capital standard of 8 percent by end - 1992 . since 1988 , this framework has been progressively introduced not only in member countries but also in virtually all other countries with active international banks 然而,鉴于有必要对那些给单独的自然人和其它的实体提供投资建议的投资经理人进行监管的必要,在此我们认为应该在单独的法律中对该种要求加以规定。
Suggesting that the minimum capital requirement remains an effective policy instrument even though banks in hong kong consistently maintain capital adequacy ratios above the regulatory requirement , and basel ii is expected to help address the issue of how banks can improve the use of their capital 析述尽管本港银行一直维持高于监管要求的资本充足比率,最低资本要求仍然是有效的政策工具文章亦预期资本协定二将有助银行改善资本运用。
When the corporate cont ribution is above the statutory minimum requirement , but below the registered capital amount filed with the registration authority , and is insufficient to satisfy the minimum capital requirement demanded by the potential business risks accrued to specific industry or size of the corporation , serious under capitalization shall be deemed to exist . in this case , the doctrine of piercing corporate veil shall be applied , and the shareholders shall be held liable for the debt of the corporation . when other circumstances of insufficient contribution made by the shareholders occur , the creditors may demand such shareholders to make up the contribution to the extent of the difference between the amount of the capital already made by the shareholders and the amount of the capital the shareholder subscribed 在股东出资瑕疵而使公司资本低于法律规定的最低资本额时,属于设立瑕疵,宣布公司设立无效或撤销公司登记,全面、永久、彻底否认公司人格,股东承担无限连带责任;公司资本已经达到法律规定的最低资本额但与在登记机关实际登记的资本不相符,并且不能满足公司所从事的行业或规模对经营风险的最低要求时,则认定公司资本显著不足,适用公司法人格否认法理,在个案中责成股东承担无限连带责任;在股东出资瑕疵的其他情形下,赋予债权人越过公司直接向股东追缴出资的权利,但债权人行使请求权的范围为股东已经缴纳的出资额和其认购的资本领之差额。
In recent years , some big loss events forced the banking supervision authorizations to be aware that some risks other than market and credit risk can be substantial . operational risk was introduced to the risk management realm as a new risk catalogue under this situation . the new basel capital accord brings the operational risk into the risk management framework for minimum capital supervision 在近些年,银行界一系列重大损失事件的发生使得银行监管机构开始关注来自市场风险和信用风险之外的其它风险。这样操作风险被作为一类新的风险引入到银行的风险管理之中。巴塞尔新资本协议更是将操作风险作为风险管理的重点,将操作风险纳入到最低资本监管要求。
Minimum capital is a concept used in corporate law and banking regulation to stipulate what assets the organisation must hold as a minimum requirement. The purpose of minimum capital in corporate law is to ensure that in the event of insolvency or financial instability, the corporation has a sufficient asset base to satisfy the claims of creditors.