( 6 ) the principal stress direction arised deflexion obviously after excavation , the maximum principal stress paralled to opening , minimum principal stress vertical to sidewall or vault ( 6 )数值模拟研究表明,隧道开挖后,主应力方向发生明显偏转,最大主应力与开挖临空面平行,最小主应力近于垂直。
Taking protective measures can obviously reduce the face slab ' s surface temperature drop - out range and the maximum principal stress amplification caused by temperature sudden drop , and the stronger protective measures are , the more obvious reduced effect is 采取保护措施,可以明显削减气温骤降所产生的面板降温幅度及最大主应力增幅,保护措施越强其削减效果越明显。
A bearing surface transmits the interaction between an arch dam and its foundation , the strength of which directly affects the constraint of the bedrock to the dam , and thus affects the stress and deformation of the dam . the influence is studied in this paper with nonlinear finite element method , as an example , for a high arch dam in design . the results show that the influence on stress is only limited within the local area near the bearing surface , larger on the maximum principal tensile stress than on the principal compression stress , and the decrease of the strength does not cause unlimited increase of the maximum stress . the influence on the displacement of the top of the dam is smaller than that of the bottom of the dam , especially the relative downstream displacement . at the lower strength of the bearing surface , the relative downstream displacement at the bottom of the dam increases with the decrease of the strength 建基面是传递拱坝和基岩相互作用的纽带,它的强度直接影响基岩对坝体的约束,从而影响坝体的应力和变形.采用非线性有限单元法,以设计中的某高拱坝为例,分析建基面强度对坝体应力和变形的影响.结果表明建基面强度对坝体应力的影响仅限于建基面附近的局部范围,对最大主拉应力的影响要大于对最大主压应力的影响,建基面强度的降低不会无限地增大坝体的应力数值;建基面强度对坝顶位移的影响较小,但对坝底位移(尤其是顺河向相对位移)的影响较大,当建基面强度较低时,坝底顺河向相对位移随建基面强度的降低而增大
Research shows that four factors have great influence on the formation of complex rock mass . first , rock mass subjected six times of tectonic movement during long period of geo - history , each tectonic movement produced fractures and associated joints corresponding to the orientation of maximum principal stress and deteriorated the properties of fractures formed at former period ( s ) . second , down - cutting of langcangjiang river produced unloading fractures 采用了四种岩体质量分级评价方案对研究区岩体质量进行了研究,这四种方案包括:工程岩体分级标准( gb50218 - 94 ) 、水利水电围岩工程地质分类( gb50267 ? 99 ) 、岩体rmr分类( bieniawski , 1973 ) 、岩体质量指数z分级(小湾, 1995 ) 。
The surface of natural fracture ( crack ) is parallel to the orientation of maximum principal stress . the principle orientation of anisotropic permeability reservoirs agrees with the orientation of the maximum principle stress . many engineering problems ( e . g . bore - hole stability , casing deformation failure during drilling , reasonable arrangement of wells , the optimum design of hydraulic fracture and so on ) are influenced by the in - situ stress orientation 天然裂缝面和裂隙面与最大主应力方向平行;在各向异性低渗透率油田中主渗透率方向与最大水平主应力方向趋向一致:在钻井过程中井壁稳定性,套管变形和损坏,油田开发井网合理布置、水力压裂优化设计等都与地应力方向有关。